Which of the following is essential for maintaining soil fertility?

The maintenance of soil fertility hinges critically on optimizing pH and nutrient management. Soil fertility is the ability of soil to provide essential nutrients to plants, and this is influenced by both the chemical composition of the soil and its pH level. When pH levels are optimized—typically between 6.0 and 7.5 for many crops—it enhances nutrient availability, as nutrients are more accessible to plants in this range. Additionally, effective nutrient management practices, such as the application of fertilizers and amendments based on soil tests, help to replenish essential nutrients that crops deplete over time.

Balancing the nutrient requirements specific to the crops being grown ensures that the soil remains productive and can support various plant growth stages. Thus, optimizing both soil pH and nutrient levels is essential for sustaining soil fertility and maximizing agricultural outputs.