What is a potential environmental concern associated with nitrogen mineralization from biosolids?

Nitrogen mineralization from biosolids can significantly contribute to water pollution from nutrient runoff, which is a pressing environmental concern. When nitrogen is mineralized, it transforms into a form that plants can readily absorb, but if excess nitrogen is present in the soil—particularly from biosolids—this can lead to nutrient leaching. During heavy rainfall or irrigation, the excess nitrogen can wash away into nearby water bodies, causing nutrient pollution.

This runoff can lead to a number of detrimental effects in aquatic ecosystems, including eutrophication, which is characterized by algal blooms. These blooms deplete oxygen levels in the water, harming aquatic life and disrupting ecosystems. Thus, while biosolids can enrich soil fertility, careful management is essential to prevent the environmental issue of nutrient runoff that can compromise water quality.