What industrial process synthesizes ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gases?

The Haber-Bosch Process is the established industrial method for synthesizing ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gases. This process was developed in the early 20th century and is significant because it enables the production of ammonia on a large scale, which is essential for creating fertilizers and various chemicals.

In this process, nitrogen gas is extracted from the atmosphere, while hydrogen is usually sourced from natural gas. The gases are then reacted under high temperature and pressure in the presence of an iron catalyst, facilitating the formation of ammonia. The efficiency and scalability of the Haber-Bosch Process have transformed agriculture by providing a reliable way to produce nitrogenous fertilizers, greatly enhancing food production worldwide.

The other options presented do not refer to the same established method. For instance, while the Fritz-Haber Process may sound similar, it generally refers to the chemical reactions involved rather than the industrial application associated with ammonia synthesis. The Ammonia Formation Process and the Nitrogen Reduction Process do not accurately describe the widely recognized industrial methodology and may not even exist as formal terms in scientific literature. Thus, it is clear that the Haber-Bosch Process is the correct answer due to its historical significance and mechanistic foundation in the synthesis of ammonia.